View source for Nural decision makeing - brain

==Hormones effects==
===Food===
There are substantial hormonal influences on behavior. For example, circulating hormones such as leptin and ghrelin act as satiety and hunger signals, reporting the status of body energy reserves (e.g. adipose tissue), energy requirements, and acute nutrient intake to hypothalamic and midbrain targets in the central nervous system that regulate feeding behavior<ref>Korotkova, Sergeeva, Eriksson et al., 2003</ref>. They also act on brain regions (in particular dopaminoceptive areas) implicated in human decision-making<ref>Hommel, Trinko, Sears et al., 2006</ref><ref>Krügel, Schraft, Kittner et al., 2003</ref>.

Metabolic state itself may thus directly affect the neural expression of preference, exemplified by findings that physiological state influence preferences for economic risk in humans<ref>Symmonds M, Emmanuel J, Drew M, Batterham R, Dolan R. Metabolic state alters economic decision-making under risk in humans. PLoS ONE. 2010b; 5: e11090.</ref>

===Impulsivity===
[[seratonine|Seratonine]] deplition<ref>Denk F, Walton M, Jennings K, Sharp T, Rushworth M, Bannerman D. Differential involvement of serotonin and dopamine systems in cost-benefit decisions about delay or effort. Psychopharmacology. 2005;179: 587– 596.</ref>  and [[NMDA]] antagonism <ref>Floresco SB, Tse MTL, Ghods-Sharifi S. Dopaminergic and glutamatergic regulation of effort-and delay-based decision-making.</ref>promote impulsivity

==Actions - Anticepation==
OFC is predominantly associated with (learned) valuation of (reinforcing) stimuli, but there is evidence of a distinct process in ACC (which projects anatomically to premotor regions) of value encoding for reinforced actions, and ACC sulcus may be required for learning of action values<ref>Kennerley SW, Walton ME, Behrens TEJ, Buckley MJ, Rushworth MFS. Optimal decision-making and the anterior cingulate cortex. Nature Neuroscience. 2006;9: 940– 947.</ref>

==Refrerences==
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[[category: brain]]
[[category: decision makeing]]