Difference between revisions of "Pupil dilation"

Revision as of 01:27, 29 April 2015

Pupil response is governed by the autonomic nervous system. Pupil dilation depends on the activation of the adrenergic sympathetic nervous system, while pupil constriction depends on the cholinergic parasympathetic nervous system^[1]. It has been well documented that pupil response is modulated not only by an ambient luminance level (the so-called pupil light reflex) but also by the amount of mental effort invested in a task ^{[2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]}. For example, Porter et al^[13] reported that the pupil dilates when subjects conduct a difficult visual search task in which high mental effort has to be invested.

Converging evidence suggests that baseline pupil diameter is correlated with tonic levels of LC-NE activity in rats, cats and monkeys^[14][15], as with human behaviors that are predicted to be associated with tonic LC-NE activity in a variety of experimental tasks and manipulations^{[16][17][18][19]}

Although, no mechanism was found yet to the connection of pupil size and LC-NE system^[20], Murphy et al (2011) found that p300 and pupil dilation is highly corrolated with LC-NE system behviour, according to the Yerkes-Dodson arousal curve^[21]:

Pupil size is thought to be controled by the LC-NE system see Cohen^[22]and Jepma & Nieuwenhuis^[23]. Neural gain, may be the same as mind clouser

Oxitocin enhanced social detecting, and also pupil size (probably because of enhanced learning and attention)^[24]

Pupil size enalrgment may be imparid by strong light, this is the reason, Murphy et al. tested the subjects in minimal light^[25]

There is a link between ACC activation and pupil size^[26]

RPE can cause pupil dilation in the case of risk error prediction^[27]. Also intimidating faces can cause pupil dilation^[28].

References