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<p style="font-size: 200%;  line-height: 1.3">''Wiki of the Deliberative Democracy Institiute</p>
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<p style="font-size: 200%;  line-height: 1.3">''On Deliberation</p>
<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">Theory and Practice on Deliberative Democracy</p>
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<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">Theory and Practice in Deliberative Democracy</p>
<p style="font-size: 125%;  line-height: 1.3">This wiki is part of the R&D efforts of the [http://delib-democracy.org deliberative democracy institiute]</p>
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<p style="font-size: 170%;  line-height: 1.5">By [[user:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]]</p>
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
 
===Our Mission===
 
===Our Mission===
Development of culture, [[delib.org|technologies]] and methods of deliberation and democratic decision making
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The objective of this wiki-paper is to foster a culture that embraces the principles of deliberation and democratic decision-making while also advancing the corresponding methodologies and technologies. In pursuit of this mission, we are formulating a comprehensive theory of deliberative democracy. This theory draws on insights from various interdisciplinary fields, including [[Epistemology|philosophy]], neuroscience, and the extensive literature on deliberative democracy within the social sciences.
  
To realize our mission, we are developing a theory of deliberative democracy, which will support the methodologies and technologies The theory is based on interdisciplinary sciences. From [[Epistemology|philosophy]], to [[Category:Brain|brain research]] up until literature on deliberative democracy in social sciences.
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<p></p>
 
<p></p>
 
 
<p>'''Editing & Contributions''': If you want to help editing or writing in this wiki, please contact tal dot yaron at gmail dot com.</p>
 
<p>'''Editing & Contributions''': If you want to help editing or writing in this wiki, please contact tal dot yaron at gmail dot com.</p>
  
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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
Deliberative democracy is a form of democracy in which citzenry deliberation is central to decision-making. It put high value on envolving larger parts of the poulation in decision making of the governing bodies.  citizen should have an equal voice and that every citizen should have equal influence in the shaping of public solutions. It manifests that when making a public decisions, every option should be taken into account, even if it’s owners do not have much education in the subject. The reason for that, is that every citizen has her own interests in the public decision, and they may be influenced by the choices the decision body will make.
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Deliberative democracy is a democratic approach that places citizen deliberation at its core, emphasizing broad public involvement in decision-making processes. It champions the idea that all citizens should have an equal voice and influence in shaping public solutions, regardless of their level of expertise on the subject. This principle stems from the recognition that each citizen has a stake in public decisions, which can profoundly impact their lives.
  
However, letting every citizen participate in the discussion and influence the option taken by the public, results in tedious and endless meetings. Many citizens want to shape the solution, while many others want to propose their own unique solutions or criticize the ideas brought to the table. Equal deliberation may be a very cumbersome process that takes huge amounts of energy and time. If all the residents of a small town would have the same influence on the solutions proposed, the deliberation may take years. As the body of decision makers grows, so do the time and energy it takes to make an equal decision. Because of its tediousness many citizens prefer not to participate in it, therefore making equal deliberation null.
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However, the challenge arises when attempting to include every citizen in the deliberative process, as it can lead to lengthy and unwieldy meetings. Many individuals aspire to contribute their perspectives, propose unique solutions, or critique existing ideas. While noble in principle, this equal deliberation can become a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. For instance, granting each resident an equal say in a small town could extend deliberations for years. As the decision-making body expands, so does the time and energy required to reach an equitable decision. Unfortunately, this protracted process can deter participation, ultimately undermining the goal of equal deliberation.
  
So, if we want to keep the ideals of deliberation of real equality, while making the process efficient and suited for the participating of thousands and millions, we have to learn how deliberation works. What are her elements and how do they interact with each other? If we will be able to understand the elements we will be able to suggest more efficient ways to conduct equal public deliberation, and even invent a new application that may help larger groups of citizens engage in the public decisions.
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To uphold the ideals of equal deliberation while streamlining the process to accommodate larger populations, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how deliberation functions, including its constituent elements and their interactions. By comprehending these dynamics, we can propose more efficient methods for public deliberation and even develop innovative applications to facilitate the engagement of extensive citizen groups in public decision-making.
  
In this website we will suggest a theory that will explain the elements of deliberation and their interactions. We will then investigate the common practices of deliberation and analyze them according to the theory. Lastly, we will suggest a future process for deliberative democracy and develop apps for deliberative democracy. The current app we are working on is [http://www.delib.org delib.org]. The code for delib can be found [https://github.com/delib-org/delib-fron2 here].
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On this website, we will present a comprehensive theory that elucidates the critical elements of deliberation and how they interact. Subsequently, we will scrutinize prevalent deliberation practices through the lens of this theory. Finally, we will outline a roadmap for the future of deliberative democracy and develop applications designed to enhance the deliberative process. Our current project, [http://delib-5.web.app delib-5], is an example of this initiative, and its source code is available [https://github.com/talyaron/delib-5-p here].
  
 
==The Challenges==
 
==The Challenges==
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The deliberation process is fraught with substantial challenges, as it necessitates the meaningful engagement of diverse individuals in decision-making, all while meticulously accounting for each unique perspective. This chapter delves into the intricacies of these challenges.
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 +
===Definition of deliberation===
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Deliberation is an [[organization|organizational]] collaborative decision-making process aiming at finding the organization's [[optimal course of action]] which will result in the best outcomes for the [[stakeholders]], using minimal resources of the organization. In deliberation, all members of the organization are considered equal, all relevant information is taken into account, and the information is validated (see more on [[Values of deliberative-democracy]]).
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[[Deliberation|Read more...]]
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===Values of Deliberation===
 
===Values of Deliberation===
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Within a democratic framework, the foundational principle lies in the equality of all citizens, where each individual's rights and needs are accorded equal significance in the eyes of the democratic decision-making apparatus. To effectively address the diverse needs and concerns of all citizens within this decision-making context, scholars of deliberative democracy have put forth a set of core values that deliberators should adhere to in their deliberative endeavors.
  
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[[Values of deliberative-democracy|Read more...]]
  
In a democracy, all citizens are considered equal members in society, with equal rights to take part in public decision making. To ensure that all citizens could take part in decision making, scholars of deliberative democracy suggested several values that deliberators should follow in their deliberative process. [[Values of deliberative-democracy|Read more...]]
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=== Personal Criterion for selecting options ===
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In choosing among competing alternatives, it becomes imperative to establish a framework for assessing and distinguishing superior solutions from inferior ones. This chapter undertakes the exploration of criteria employed by participants in the determination of the most favorable solution.
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[[Personal Optimising ROI Selection Criterion]] (GPORSC)
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===Deliberation-action cycle===
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Although a valuable framework, deliberation does not guarantee foolproof outcomes in the quest for optimal solutions. In this chapter, we put forward a proposal aimed at enhancing the caliber of solutions put forth and chosen by participants.
  
===Challenges in deliberation===
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[[deliberation-action cycle]]
  
 
==The Elements==
 
==The Elements==
To successfully engage and understand deliberation, I suggest that we first have to understand the elements of decision making. The elements are divided into several areas. The first area is the area of cognitive elements, which are the elements that interacts in the brain to facilitate a decision. Next is the area of the group in decision making - which elements are crucial for decision making in groups.  Then comes the area of communication medium. In this area we will describe the elements that influence the transformation of information between the group members. In the next areas, we will deal with the psychological, sociological and organizational elements.
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To successfully understand deliberation, we suggest that we first have to understand the elements of decision making. The elements are divided into several areas. The first area is the area of cognitive elements, which are the elements that interact in the brain to facilitate a decision. Next is the area of the group in decision making - which elements are crucial for decision making in groups.  Then comes the area of communication medium. In this area, we will describe the elements that influence the transformation of information between the group members. In the next areas, we will deal with the psychological, sociological and organizational elements.
  
===The cognitive elements of decision making===
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===The epistemic elements of decision making===
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Every deliberation Is based on knowledge. Usually, participants don't possess the same body of knowledge and may defer by their worldviews. Therefore understanding how knowledge is built, Is essential for creating a coherent knowledge base for all participants. In this section, we will describe how knowledge is built, and how to corroborate it.
  
The basic entities of decision making in a group, are her members. Every member that takes part in decision, uses cognitive process to gather information and make decision. So, the first step in understanding deliberation is to describe these personal cognitive elements that members are using to make their decisions. When we will understand the personal cognitive elements, we will be able to start to understand the more complex interaction between the members. [[The cognitive elements of decision making|read more...]]
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[[The epistemic elements of decision making|Read more...]]
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===The Logical elements of decision making===
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The basic entities of decision making in a group, are her members. Every member that takes part in the decision, uses a cognitive process to gather information and make a decision. So, the first step in understanding deliberation is to describe these personal cognitive elements that members are using to make their decisions. When we will understand the personal cognitive elements, we will be able to start to understand the more complex interaction between the members.  
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[[The cognitive elements of decision making|read more...]]
  
{{stub|[[User:WinSysop|Tal Yaron]] ([[User talk:WinSysop|talk]]) 09:30, 17 June 2016 (MDT)}}
 
 
===Neuropsychology Elements in decision making===
 
===Neuropsychology Elements in decision making===
[[neuropsychology elements in decision making]]
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Decsions are conducted in a "logical" the manner through [[the cognitive elements of decision making]]. Yet this "logical" thinking is mostly not common. usually people are influenced by an "illogical" ways of thinking. scientists from several disciplines were able to describe these "illogical" ways of thinking, and some of the neural and cognitive mechanism that produce the "illogical" thinking.
  
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[[neuropsychology elements in decision making|Read more]]
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===Psychological Elements in decision making===
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[[Psychological elements in decision making]]
 
===Group Elements in Decision Making===
 
===Group Elements in Decision Making===
[[The group in decision making]]
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Every deliberation takes place in the context of a group. The group settings and properties may have a large influence on the psychology of the members and the outcome of deliberation. Also, during deliberation, the group may change, as different stakeholders find interest in the decision making. Understanding the factors that within the group and between the group and other groups, is essential to understand mastering of deliberation.
  
===Medium Elemnts in Decision Making===
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[[The group in decision making|Read more]]
[[medium in decision making]]
 
  
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===Medium Elements in Decision Making===
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The Medium which the group is using may have great influence on the deliberative process. For instance, synchronic medium may allow only one participant at a time talk, thus prolonging the time needed for deliberation exponentially as the number of equal participants grow. On the other hand, a-synchronic medium may allow simultaneity of information send and receiving, and thus, reduce the time needed for deliberation. In this chapter we will talk about the effect of the medium on deliberation.
  
===Sociology Elements in Decision Making===
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[[medium in decision making|Read more]]
[[Sociology in decision making]]
 
  
===Organizations Elements in Decision Making===
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===Organizational Elements in Decision Making===
 
[[Organizations in Decision Making]]
 
[[Organizations in Decision Making]]
  
 
==Processes==
 
==Processes==
===Personal Decision Making===
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[[General process of deliberation]]
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===Face To Face===
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====Personal Decision Making====
 
[[system 1|system 1 decision making]]
 
[[system 1|system 1 decision making]]
===Methods in Organizations===
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====Group Deliberation====
[[methods in organizations]]
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[[Methods in deliberative democracy]]
  
===Technologies===
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===Technologies of Deliberation===
[https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1YBZLdNsGohGBjO5e7yrwOQx78IzCA6SNW6T14p15aKU/edit#gid=1660122072 Tech Platforms for Civic-Participation - Public Version].
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[[Technologies for deliberation]]
 
 
==Compering the Model to Deleberative Methods==
 
[[Methods in deliberative democracy]]
 
  
==Bulding New Methods According to the Model==
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==Concerns==
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Digital deliberative democracy can be hacked by foreign governments<ref>[https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10361146.2021.2023093?scroll=top&needAccess=true Dowling, M.-E. (2022). Foreign interference and digital democracy: is digital era governance putting Australia at risk? <i>Australian Journal of Political Science</i>, <i>0</i>(0), 1–16.]</ref>.
  
 
==See Also==
 
==See Also==

Latest revision as of 08:26, 2 June 2024

On Deliberation

Theory and Practice in Deliberative Democracy

By Tal Yaron


Our Mission

The objective of this wiki-paper is to foster a culture that embraces the principles of deliberation and democratic decision-making while also advancing the corresponding methodologies and technologies. In pursuit of this mission, we are formulating a comprehensive theory of deliberative democracy. This theory draws on insights from various interdisciplinary fields, including philosophy, neuroscience, and the extensive literature on deliberative democracy within the social sciences.


Editing & Contributions: If you want to help editing or writing in this wiki, please contact tal dot yaron at gmail dot com.

Introduction

Deliberative democracy is a democratic approach that places citizen deliberation at its core, emphasizing broad public involvement in decision-making processes. It champions the idea that all citizens should have an equal voice and influence in shaping public solutions, regardless of their level of expertise on the subject. This principle stems from the recognition that each citizen has a stake in public decisions, which can profoundly impact their lives.

However, the challenge arises when attempting to include every citizen in the deliberative process, as it can lead to lengthy and unwieldy meetings. Many individuals aspire to contribute their perspectives, propose unique solutions, or critique existing ideas. While noble in principle, this equal deliberation can become a laborious and time-consuming endeavor. For instance, granting each resident an equal say in a small town could extend deliberations for years. As the decision-making body expands, so does the time and energy required to reach an equitable decision. Unfortunately, this protracted process can deter participation, ultimately undermining the goal of equal deliberation.

To uphold the ideals of equal deliberation while streamlining the process to accommodate larger populations, it is imperative to gain a deeper understanding of how deliberation functions, including its constituent elements and their interactions. By comprehending these dynamics, we can propose more efficient methods for public deliberation and even develop innovative applications to facilitate the engagement of extensive citizen groups in public decision-making.

On this website, we will present a comprehensive theory that elucidates the critical elements of deliberation and how they interact. Subsequently, we will scrutinize prevalent deliberation practices through the lens of this theory. Finally, we will outline a roadmap for the future of deliberative democracy and develop applications designed to enhance the deliberative process. Our current project, delib-5, is an example of this initiative, and its source code is available here.

The Challenges

The deliberation process is fraught with substantial challenges, as it necessitates the meaningful engagement of diverse individuals in decision-making, all while meticulously accounting for each unique perspective. This chapter delves into the intricacies of these challenges.

Definition of deliberation

Deliberation is an organizational collaborative decision-making process aiming at finding the organization's optimal course of action which will result in the best outcomes for the stakeholders, using minimal resources of the organization. In deliberation, all members of the organization are considered equal, all relevant information is taken into account, and the information is validated (see more on Values of deliberative-democracy).

Read more...

Values of Deliberation

Within a democratic framework, the foundational principle lies in the equality of all citizens, where each individual's rights and needs are accorded equal significance in the eyes of the democratic decision-making apparatus. To effectively address the diverse needs and concerns of all citizens within this decision-making context, scholars of deliberative democracy have put forth a set of core values that deliberators should adhere to in their deliberative endeavors.

Read more...

Personal Criterion for selecting options

In choosing among competing alternatives, it becomes imperative to establish a framework for assessing and distinguishing superior solutions from inferior ones. This chapter undertakes the exploration of criteria employed by participants in the determination of the most favorable solution. Personal Optimising ROI Selection Criterion (GPORSC)

Deliberation-action cycle

Although a valuable framework, deliberation does not guarantee foolproof outcomes in the quest for optimal solutions. In this chapter, we put forward a proposal aimed at enhancing the caliber of solutions put forth and chosen by participants.

deliberation-action cycle

The Elements

To successfully understand deliberation, we suggest that we first have to understand the elements of decision making. The elements are divided into several areas. The first area is the area of cognitive elements, which are the elements that interact in the brain to facilitate a decision. Next is the area of the group in decision making - which elements are crucial for decision making in groups. Then comes the area of communication medium. In this area, we will describe the elements that influence the transformation of information between the group members. In the next areas, we will deal with the psychological, sociological and organizational elements.

The epistemic elements of decision making

Every deliberation Is based on knowledge. Usually, participants don't possess the same body of knowledge and may defer by their worldviews. Therefore understanding how knowledge is built, Is essential for creating a coherent knowledge base for all participants. In this section, we will describe how knowledge is built, and how to corroborate it.

Read more...

The Logical elements of decision making

The basic entities of decision making in a group, are her members. Every member that takes part in the decision, uses a cognitive process to gather information and make a decision. So, the first step in understanding deliberation is to describe these personal cognitive elements that members are using to make their decisions. When we will understand the personal cognitive elements, we will be able to start to understand the more complex interaction between the members.

read more...

Neuropsychology Elements in decision making

Decsions are conducted in a "logical" the manner through the cognitive elements of decision making. Yet this "logical" thinking is mostly not common. usually people are influenced by an "illogical" ways of thinking. scientists from several disciplines were able to describe these "illogical" ways of thinking, and some of the neural and cognitive mechanism that produce the "illogical" thinking.

Read more

Psychological Elements in decision making

Psychological elements in decision making

Group Elements in Decision Making

Every deliberation takes place in the context of a group. The group settings and properties may have a large influence on the psychology of the members and the outcome of deliberation. Also, during deliberation, the group may change, as different stakeholders find interest in the decision making. Understanding the factors that within the group and between the group and other groups, is essential to understand mastering of deliberation.

Read more

Medium Elements in Decision Making

The Medium which the group is using may have great influence on the deliberative process. For instance, synchronic medium may allow only one participant at a time talk, thus prolonging the time needed for deliberation exponentially as the number of equal participants grow. On the other hand, a-synchronic medium may allow simultaneity of information send and receiving, and thus, reduce the time needed for deliberation. In this chapter we will talk about the effect of the medium on deliberation.

Read more

Organizational Elements in Decision Making

Organizations in Decision Making

Processes

General process of deliberation

Face To Face

Personal Decision Making

system 1 decision making

Group Deliberation

Methods in deliberative democracy

Technologies of Deliberation

Technologies for deliberation

Concerns

Digital deliberative democracy can be hacked by foreign governments[1].

See Also

old main page

References